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Are the underground aquifers connected, are they smaller individual areas of water that collect rain, or is it from snow melt that has traveled quite a ways underground?
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Yep.... It can be any of the above.
As pointed out, there are many resources where you can research you question. Another resource that may or may not be easier to use would be a local water well driller.
My brother is a driller and can tell you much about the various aquifers in our area. A good driller can usually tell from the rock formations where water will be, an often the quality of the water.
Generally, the same formations hold water, and the formations follow patterns. For example, here, the navajo sandstone has a lots of water in it. It is good water and if fed from several sources. Below the navajo is the shinarump sandstone. It often has water, but depending on where it is, it can be good or bad and constant or seasonal. It's water is often primarily 'surface' water.
Below the shinarump sandstone is the moenkopi sandstone...it can be 1000 feet thick and seldom has water... .... ...
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sorry for rambling... So, if you can talk to a local driller..he may be able to enlighten you.
good luck
aaron